ABSTRACT
Objective: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) affects millions of people worldwide. The article aims to review the therapeutic perspective on natural antioxidants, their mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics in management and cure of COVID-19/ SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We conducted a literature search including World Health Organization and National Institute of Health guidelines and clinical trials registered with ClinicalTrials.gov limited to antioxidants in COVID-19 management. Results: Elderly, immunocompromised patients, and others with underlying health conditions or multiple comorbidities have a high mortality rate. Disrupted redox homeostasis and oxidative stress seem to be biological pathways that may increase personal vulnerability to infection. Antioxidants like vitamins C, D, E, epigallocatechin-3 gallate, and morin have been reported to protect against COVID-19 disease. Reactive oxygen species are immunological regulatory elements of viral replication. Natural antioxidants exhibit potential action in preventing inflammation and organ dysfunction during viral infection. They also increase glutathione level, oxygenation rate, and immunological responses in the treatment of sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Conclusion: No wonder the selection of prevention, treatment, and cure of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 mainly depends upon the antiviral and immunoregulatory activity which they possess. Yet, their efficacy against COVID-19 is of great concern and demands extensive study. © 2023 The Authors. Food Frontiers published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd and Nanchang University, Northwest University, Jiangsu University, Zhejiang University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.
ABSTRACT
Endothelial-cell surface localized sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) is known to promote anti-inflammatory and barrier enhancing niche upon ligating S1P. Recently we showed that S1P and TNFalpha, later being a well-known inflammatory agonist, phosphorylate S1PR1 at tyrosine143 (Y143 ) which functions as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) import signal (Anwar et al, 2021). ER-retained S1PR1 instructs barrier disruptive signaling but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we generated S1PR1 knock-in mice using CRISPR-Cas9 strategy to edit endogenous S1PR1 into Y143D-S1PR1 (phospho mimicking) or Y143F-S1PR1 (phosphodefective) to test the hypothesis that ER-localized S1PR1 subverts EC from anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory EC leading to vascular injury. Because EC constitutes about 50% of cells in the lungs, we assessed if knock-in of Y143 DS1PR1 impaired lung homeostasis. We show that editing of S1PR1 into Y143D- or Y143F-S1PR1 did not alter total S1PR1 expression. Interestingly, Y143D-S1PR1 knock-in mice showed marked vascular leak at homeostasis along with increased neutrophil influx and inflammatory cytokine generation including TNFalpha, IL1beta and MiP2 as compared to Y143F-S1PR1 or WT mice. We next challenge these mice with intratracheal LPS. LPS-induced non-resolvable vascular inflammatory injury in Y143D-S1PR1 mice. Surprisingly, Y143F-S1PR1 knock-in mice did not develop vascular inflammatory injury. Furthermore, NFkappaB activity, a predominant transcription factor inducing inflammatory EC phenotype, was increased in EC transducing Y143D-S1PR1 mutant as compared to WT. However, TNFalpha failed to induce NFkB activity in EC transducing Y143F-S1PR1 mutant. Together, these results show that ER-resident S1PR1 program endothelial niche into immune-active niche by activating NFkB pathway leading to irreparable lung injury. Further experiments are being done to assess epigenetic changes (ATACseq and ChIP-Seq) in EC to address the concept the ER- resident S1PR1 controls the fate of immune cells in the lungs. We believe that understanding how ER-resident S1PR1 programs EC into inflammatory phenotype would allow development of new targets for treating the inflammatory vascular diseases including lung injury, ARDS, and COVID-19 .
ABSTRACT
Background: Transoesophegeal echocardiogram (TOE) is the gold standard imaging modality to evaluate the left atrial appendage (LAA) prior to direct current cardioversion (DCCV) for atrial arrhythmia. TOE is an aerosol generating procedure, with the potential for transmission of COVID-19 infection. This study describes our experience of utilising cardiac computed tomography (CT) as an alternative imaging modality, to exclude LAA thrombus prior to DCCV in patients with atrial arrhythmias at Middlemore Hospital from 1st September 2020 until 30th September 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Patients with atrial arrhythmia requiring DCCV who underwent cardiac CT were identified from ANZACS-QI linked cardiac CT registry database. Patients without thrombus on cardiac CT proceeded to DCCV. Patients with slow flow or thrombus in the left atrium (LA) or LAA on CT were considered for TOE. Results: Eighty-five cardiac CT scans were performed in eighty patients (male 68.8%, mean age 59.3±14 years, body mass index 33.4±8). Sixty-seven patients (87%) had no LAA thrombus, and 65 patients proceeded safely to DCCV with no periprocedural stroke. Thirteen patients (16%) had slow flow or possible thrombus in the LA or LAA and one patient had definite thrombus. Six patients with slow flow or possible thrombus underwent TOE none had LA or LAA thrombus. Conclusion: In the majority of patients with atrial arrhythmia requiring DCCV, cardiac CT is a safe and useful alternative to TOE.
ABSTRACT
Internet of Things (IOT) refers to all the devices which are present in the world and connected to the Internet. The aim of IOT is to collect and share data between two devices using the Internet. IOT is making tremendous progress in the past few years, and has proved itself very useful in many real life applications. It is very useful in applications which need both hardware and software. In this paper we will be introducing an IOT based Temperature monitoring system which is built using Raspberry pi computer, camera and sensors on the hardware side and python running in the backend. Temperature monitoring systems is a real time system which stores the data on a firebase cloud based realtime database. The paper will first start introducing the Temperature monitoring system and how it can be useful in covid-19 situation. Then it will give a brief idea of the components used along with its technical specifications. Moving forward, the paper will explain why cloud services are necessary in IOT. It will then give a brief introduction of the firebase cloud based realtime database and end that section explaining where and how we will use firebase cloud based realtime database in Temperature monitoring system. Then the paper will show a block diagram where all the input-output components are shown. It will be followed by a flowchart which will give a clear idea of how the system will work. © 2021 IEEE.
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Background:COVID 19 outbreak miens critical concern to global education system across the world. The closure of universities has left billions of students behind. Nursing educators and students relied on technology to continue learning online during the pandemic. However, online education is hampered by the lack of networks, power, infrastructure such as inaccessible and lack of digital skills. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID 19 outbreak on nursing education. Objectives: 1. To assess the perception regarding impact of corona pandemic on nursing education, limitations of E-learning and required modifications among nursing educators. 2. To find out the association between perception of nursing educators with their socio-demographic variables. Material and Methods: Quantitative Cross sectional research design was adopted with Non probability technique(Convenient sampling) .Data were collected through a Google form consisting of self-structured Likert scale on perceptions of nursing educators. The Subdomains of the perception were impact of COVID-19 outbreak on Nursing education, Limitations of e-learning and essential modifications required. Result: of the study revealed that the corona pandemic outbreak has adversely impacted nursing education and urgent need to implement effective e-learning teaching learning strategies of nursing educators to understand their perception and issues they are facing during e-classes to foster teaching-learning.The mean and SD of (7.9 + 3.9) shows negative impact of COVID pandemic on nursing education and are of limitations in E-learning methods with a mean and SD score of (6.2 + 2.4). Conclusion: The process of imparting education has seen a sea change during the threat of the COVID pandemic. Besides, technology is affecting every side of society and changing it regularly. Challenges in the E-learning context shows the requirement for up-gradation in institutional technology infrastructure and teacher’s capacity building training to improve technological expertise.
ABSTRACT
Most of the countries in the world are facing the problem of disease caused by Novel coronavirus (covid-19) with symptoms of higher grade flu like symptoms or with no symptom. The infection spreads through contact with the person suffering/suffered from coronavirus symptoms like sneezing, high fever, cough and ultimately blockade of respiratory system. Sometimes symptoms of diarrhea and dysentery were also detected at advanced stage of the disease. Till now any effective medicine or vaccine could not be developed for its prevention and getting relief. Only trial and error by applying some antimalarial drugs chloroquine hydroxide along with some other antiviral infections is used and up to 38% are being recovered in India as well as other countries. Under such circumstances strengthening immune system becomes only option for preventing from this viral disease and our traditional medicines are playing vital role for immunity strengthening. Accordingly, some herbs either singly or in combination form have been suggested as preventive measure for coronavirus through this communication.